Sheet metal fabrication refers to the process of building a structure with metal. It includes the cutting, forming, and assembling of metal materials. Metal fabrication has a long history and is used in a wide range of industries.
A fabricator begins the process by selecting a metal and a method for producing the desired results. Most of the time, the design is done with the help of computer-aided design software (CAD). The next step is prototyping. Here a 3-D model of the design will be created to ensure the project is going to be successful. Prototyping is usually followed by programming. Here all the needed parameters for every computer-controlled machine that will be involved in the fabrication will be input. Once programming is done, fabrication begins. And it is followed by finishing and assembly.
Common Types Of Metal Used In Metal Fabrication
- Steel
- Aluminum
- Copper
- Gold
- Tin
- Magnesium
- Silver
- Iron
- Nickel
Metal Fabrication Techniques
Cutting
This is the most common metal fabrication process available. It involved the splitting of sheets of metal into thirds, halves, or other smaller sections. Typically, the metal to be cut is freshly made and has not been shaped into anything specific.
The cutting technique is usually done using a wide range of machinery, from plasma torches and lasers to more advanced machines.
Shearing
Shearing, as part of metal fabrication techniques, is an important part of the manufacturing industry. The process uses a number of different types of tools to create a smooth, clean cut.
Metal shearing can be used to produce a number of different materials, from sheet metal to rods and even bar stock. It can be done in a wide range of sizes and diameters. This process can be quite advantageous in high-volume manufacturing operations.
While shearing may have its shortcomings, it can be a great way to produce clean and accurate cuts in a number of materials. Some of the benefits include reduced waste and a higher profit margin. However, not all metals are suitable for this procedure.
Welding
Welding is a crucial part of the fabrication process. It involves joining two or more objects together using a heated, steep-temperature torch. There are many types of welding, from stick and arc to plasma and SAW. Of all these, the most common welding technique is stick welding. This type of welding utilizes a consumable electrode stick to produce an electric arc. The electrode must be held away from the metal being welded. In some instances, the welder may use a direct current to prevent the electrode from getting too hot.
Stick welding is one of the simplest welding techniques. However, it requires a strong, skilled welder.
Hemming
Hemming is a metal fabrication process that is used to join two sheet metal parts. Typically, a hemming operation is completed in three steps.
In the first step, the outer sheet is flattened with a flattening die. The inner sheet is then folded over to form an interlocking edge. A hemming tool is then used to fold the edges together, creating a mechanical interlock. This procedure is often combined with spot welding, adhesive bonding, or spot welding and adhesive bonding.
In the second step, the edge of the closed hem is bent to 45 degrees. Lastly, the bend is closed using a flattening bar. For the third and final step, the hem is planished, which can be done by hand or using a machine.
Drawing
Deep drawing is a metal fabrication technique that can produce many different types of parts. It can make use of many different types of metals, including aluminum and brass. This form of manufacturing can be automated, allowing manufacturers to complete a wide variety of tasks.
The process begins when a punch hits a sheet of metal. The force of the punch pushes the metal into a forming die. In order to ensure that the piece is shaped properly, the die needs to be in the right place.
The punch must also be in the proper pattern. If the punch is out of place, the piece will have a chance to break. Similarly, the punch should not vibrate during the hit.
Metal Fabrication Tools
Press brakes
This tool is used to bend sheet metal into a variety of shapes. Some of the newest models are highly technologically advanced and have a wide range of functions.
Shear Cutters
Metal fabricators use shear cutters in a variety of applications. These machines are used to cut sheets of metal, stainless steel, or other materials. They can be operated manually, pneumatically, or hydraulically.
Typical shears include an upper and lower blade, a table, and stops. They can be single or double-cut. The top blade cuts the sheet metal as it moves downward against the fixed lower blade. In addition, most shears have a squaring arm, which controls where the blade is located.
Another type of shear is the guillotine. Guillotine shears have a blade, which allows them to cut sheet metal more efficiently and accurately. Compared to other types, guillotine shears are more complicated to operate.
Lathes
Lathes are metal fabrication tools that can be used for a variety of applications. They are useful for shaping, parting, and grooving. However, it’s important to know a few basic principles before you can operate them.
Shrinker stretchers
Shrinker stretchers are metal fabrication tools that form and shrink metal to make the desired curves in sheet metal. They are used in a variety of applications. For instance, they are ideal for forming radius panels, door panel edging jobs, and auto body restoration.
Die grinders
Die grinders are a type of hand-held power tool used for a variety of applications. They can be used for metal fabrication, sharpening knives, and other crafts. These tools are often powered by compressed air or electricity.
By going through the techniques and tools mentioned above, you should be able to identify the perfect one for whatever project you have in mind.
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